hecmw_couple_info.c

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/*****************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2019 FrontISTR Commons
 * This software is released under the MIT License, see LICENSE.txt
 *****************************************************************************/
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
 
#include "hecmw_msgno.h"
#include "hecmw_struct.h"
#include "hecmw_malloc.h"
#include "hecmw_error.h"
#include "hecmw_comm.h"
 
#include "hecmw_couple_define.h"
#include "hecmw_couple_struct.h"
#include "hecmw_couple_control.h"
#include "hecmw_couple_info.h"
 
static struct intracomm_info {
  char unit_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm;
  struct intracomm_info *next;
} intracomm_root = {
    "",   /* unit_id    */
    NULL, /* comm       */
    NULL, /* next       */
};
 
static struct intercomm_info {
  char couple_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  char unit1_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  char unit2_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm;
  struct intercomm_info *next;
} intercomm_root = {
    "",   /* couple_id  */
    "",   /* unit1_id       */
    "",   /* unit2_id       */
    NULL, /* comm           */
    NULL, /* next           */
};
 
static struct couple_info {
  char boundary_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  char couple_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  char unit1_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  char unit2_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  int couple_type;
  int direction;
  double tolerance;
  double bbcoef;
  double bgcoef;
  struct hecmw_couple_group *unit1_grp;
  struct hecmw_couple_group *unit2_grp;
  struct couple_info *next;
} couple_root = {
    "",                           /* boundary_id        */
    "",                           /* couple_id      */
    "",                           /* unit1_id           */
    "",                           /* unit2_id           */
    HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_UNDEF,      /* couple_type        */
    HECMW_COUPLE_DIRECTION_UNDEF, /* direction      */
    -1.0,                         /* tolerance      */
    -1.0,                         /* bbcoef         */
    -1.0,                         /* bgcoef         */
    NULL,                         /* unit1_grp      */
    NULL,                         /* unit2_grp      */
    NULL,                         /* next               */
};
 
static int is_initialized = 0;
 
/*================================================================================================*/
 
extern void HECMW_couple_free_comm(struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm) {
  if (comm == NULL) return;
 
  HECMW_free(comm->ranks);
  HECMW_free(comm);
  comm = NULL;
}
 
static struct hecmw_couple_comm *alloc_struct_comm(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm;
 
  comm = (struct hecmw_couple_comm *)HECMW_malloc(
      sizeof(struct hecmw_couple_comm));
  if (comm == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    return NULL;
  }
 
  comm->psize     = 0;
  comm->rank      = -1;
  comm->ranks     = NULL;
  comm->comm      = (HECMW_Comm)(-1);
  comm->group     = (HECMW_Group)(-1);
  comm->root      = -1;
  comm->is_member = 0;
  comm->is_root   = 0;
 
  return comm;
}
 
static void free_intracomm_info(void) {
  struct intracomm_info *p, *q;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = q) {
    q = p->next;
    HECMW_couple_free_comm(p->comm);
    HECMW_free(p);
  }
}
 
static void free_intercomm_info(void) {
  struct intercomm_info *p, *q;
 
  for (p = intercomm_root.next; p; p = q) {
    q = p->next;
    HECMW_couple_free_comm(p->comm);
    HECMW_free(p);
  }
}
 
static void free_couple_info(void) {
  struct couple_info *p, *q;
 
  for (p = couple_root.next; p; p = q) {
    q = p->next;
    HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_group(p->unit1_grp);
    HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_group(p->unit2_grp);
    HECMW_free(p);
  }
}
 
extern void HECMW_couple_free_couple_info(void) {
  free_intracomm_info();
  free_intercomm_info();
  free_couple_info();
}
 
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
static struct intracomm_info *get_intracomm_info(const char *unit_id) {
  struct intracomm_info *p;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    if (strcmp(unit_id, p->unit_id) == 0) return p;
  }
 
  return NULL;
}
 
static struct intercomm_info *get_intercomm_info(const char *couple_id) {
  struct intercomm_info *p;
 
  for (p = intercomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    if (strcmp(couple_id, p->couple_id) == 0) return p;
  }
 
  return NULL;
}
 
static struct couple_info *get_couple_info(const char *boundary_id) {
  struct couple_info *p;
 
  for (p = couple_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    if (strcmp(boundary_id, p->boundary_id) == 0) return p;
  }
 
  return NULL;
}
 
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
static int init_intracomm_info(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_unit_ids *unit_ids;
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_boundary_ids *boundary_ids;
  struct intracomm_info *p;
  int *mask = NULL;
  char *couple_id, *unit1_id, *unit2_id;
  int i, j;
 
  if ((unit_ids = HECMW_couple_get_unit_ids()) == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
  if ((boundary_ids = HECMW_couple_get_boundary_ids()) == NULL)
    return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  /* masking */
  mask = (int *)HECMW_malloc(sizeof(int) * unit_ids->n_unit);
  if (mask == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    goto error;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < unit_ids->n_unit; i++) {
    mask[i] = HECMW_COUPLE_FALSE;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < boundary_ids->n_boundary; i++) {
    couple_id = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_couple_id(boundary_ids->ids[i], NULL, 0);
    if (couple_id == NULL) goto error;
    unit1_id =
        HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_unit_id(couple_id, HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1, NULL, 0);
    if (unit1_id == NULL) goto error;
    unit2_id =
        HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_unit_id(couple_id, HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2, NULL, 0);
    if (unit2_id == NULL) goto error;
 
    for (j = 0; j < unit_ids->n_unit; j++) {
      if (strcmp(unit1_id, unit_ids->ids[j]) == 0) {
        mask[j] = HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE;
      }
      if (strcmp(unit2_id, unit_ids->ids[j]) == 0) {
        mask[j] = HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
 
  /* setting */
  p = &intracomm_root;
  for (i = 0; i < unit_ids->n_unit; i++) {
    if (mask[i] == HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE) {
      p->next =
          (struct intracomm_info *)HECMW_malloc(sizeof(struct intracomm_info));
      if (p->next == NULL) {
        HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
        goto error;
      }
      p = p->next;
 
      strncpy(p->unit_id, unit_ids->ids[i], HECMW_NAME_LEN);
      p->unit_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN] = '\0';
      p->comm = alloc_struct_comm();
      if (p->comm == NULL) goto error;
 
      p->next = NULL;
    }
  }
 
  HECMW_free(mask);
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  HECMW_free(mask);
  free_intracomm_info();
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
static int init_intercomm_info(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_couple_ids *couple_ids;
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_boundary_ids *boundary_ids;
  struct intercomm_info *p;
  int *mask = NULL;
  char *couple_id, unit1_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1], unit2_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1];
  int i, j;
 
  if ((couple_ids = HECMW_couple_get_couple_ids()) == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
  if ((boundary_ids = HECMW_couple_get_boundary_ids()) == NULL)
    return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  /* masking */
  mask = (int *)HECMW_malloc(sizeof(int) * couple_ids->n_couple);
  if (mask == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    goto error;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < couple_ids->n_couple; i++) {
    mask[i] = HECMW_COUPLE_FALSE;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < boundary_ids->n_boundary; i++) {
    couple_id = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_couple_id(boundary_ids->ids[i], NULL, 0);
    if (couple_id == NULL) goto error;
 
    for (j = 0; j < couple_ids->n_couple; j++) {
      if (strcmp(couple_id, couple_ids->ids[j]) == 0) {
        mask[j] = HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE;
      }
    }
  }
 
  /* setting */
  p = &intercomm_root;
  for (i = 0; i < couple_ids->n_couple; i++) {
    if (mask[i] == HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE) {
      p->next =
          (struct intercomm_info *)HECMW_malloc(sizeof(struct intercomm_info));
      if (p->next == NULL) {
        HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
        goto error;
      }
      p = p->next;
 
      if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_unit_id(couple_ids->ids[i], HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1,
                                        unit1_id, HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1) == NULL)
        goto error;
      if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_unit_id(couple_ids->ids[i], HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2,
                                        unit2_id, HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1) == NULL)
        goto error;
 
      strncpy(p->couple_id, couple_ids->ids[i], HECMW_NAME_LEN);
      p->couple_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN] = '\0';
      strncpy(p->unit1_id, unit1_id, HECMW_NAME_LEN);
      p->unit1_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN] = '\0';
      strncpy(p->unit2_id, unit2_id, HECMW_NAME_LEN);
      p->unit2_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN] = '\0';
      if ((p->comm = alloc_struct_comm()) == NULL) goto error;
 
      p->next = NULL;
    }
  }
 
  HECMW_free(mask);
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  HECMW_free(mask);
  free_intercomm_info();
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
static int init_couple_info(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_boundary_ids *boundary_ids;
  struct couple_info *p;
  char *boundary_id, *unit1_id, *unit2_id;
  int i;
 
  if ((boundary_ids = HECMW_couple_get_boundary_ids()) == NULL)
    return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  p = &couple_root;
  for (i = 0; i < boundary_ids->n_boundary; i++) {
    boundary_id = boundary_ids->ids[i];
 
    p->next = (struct couple_info *)HECMW_malloc(sizeof(struct couple_info));
    if (p->next == NULL) {
      HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
      goto error;
    }
    p            = p->next;
    p->unit1_grp = NULL;
    p->unit2_grp = NULL;
    p->next      = NULL;
 
    strncpy(p->boundary_id, boundary_id, HECMW_NAME_LEN);
    p->boundary_id[HECMW_NAME_LEN] = '\0';
    if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_couple_id(boundary_id, p->couple_id,
                                        HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1) == NULL)
      goto error;
    ;
    if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_unit_id(p->couple_id, HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1,
                                      p->unit1_id, HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1) == NULL)
      goto error;
    if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_unit_id(p->couple_id, HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2,
                                      p->unit2_id, HECMW_NAME_LEN + 1) == NULL)
      goto error;
 
    if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_type(p->couple_id, &p->couple_type) !=
        HECMW_SUCCESS)
      goto error;
    if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_direction(boundary_id, &p->direction) !=
        HECMW_SUCCESS)
      goto error;
    if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_tolerance(boundary_id, &p->tolerance) !=
        HECMW_SUCCESS)
      goto error;
    if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_bbcoef(boundary_id, &p->bbcoef) != HECMW_SUCCESS)
      goto error;
    if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_bgcoef(boundary_id, &p->bgcoef) != HECMW_SUCCESS)
      goto error;
 
    p->unit1_grp = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_group(boundary_id, HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1);
    if (p->unit1_grp == NULL) goto error;
    p->unit2_grp = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_group(boundary_id, HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2);
    if (p->unit2_grp == NULL) goto error;
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  free_couple_info();
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
static int set_couple_type(int *couple_type) {
  struct couple_info *p;
  int is_specified_mxn    = 0;
  int is_specified_maxmn  = 0;
  int is_specified_manual = 0;
 
  for (p = couple_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    if (p->couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MXN) {
      is_specified_mxn = 1;
    } else if (p->couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MAXMN) {
      is_specified_maxmn = 1;
    } else if (p->couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MANUAL) {
      is_specified_manual = 1;
    } else {
      HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_CPLTYPE, "");
      return HECMW_ERROR;
    }
  }
 
  if (is_specified_mxn + is_specified_maxmn + is_specified_manual != 1) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_MULTIPLE_CPLTYPE, "");
    return HECMW_ERROR;
  }
 
  if (is_specified_mxn) {
    *couple_type = HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MXN;
  } else if (is_specified_maxmn) {
    *couple_type = HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MAXMN;
  } else if (is_specified_manual) {
    *couple_type = HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MANUAL;
  } else {
    HECMW_assert(0);
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int check_intracomm_psize_mxn(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_proc *proc;
  struct intracomm_info *p;
  int psize_sum = 0;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    proc = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_proc(p->unit_id);
    if (proc == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
    psize_sum += proc->n_proc;
 
    HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
  }
 
  if (psize_sum != HECMW_comm_get_size()) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_UNMATCH_PSIZE, "Total number of processes is %d",
                    psize_sum);
    return HECMW_ERROR;
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int check_intracomm_psize_maxmn(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_proc *proc;
  struct intracomm_info *p;
  int psize_max = 0;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    proc = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_proc(p->unit_id);
    if (proc == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
    if (proc->n_proc > psize_max) psize_max = proc->n_proc;
 
    HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
  }
 
  if (psize_max != HECMW_comm_get_size()) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_UNMATCH_PSIZE, "Total number of processes is %d",
                    psize_max);
    return HECMW_ERROR;
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int check_intracomm_psize_manual(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_proc *proc;
  struct intracomm_info *p;
  int *mask     = NULL;
  int psize_sum = 0, psize_max = 0;
  int rank, n, i;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    proc = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_proc(p->unit_id);
    if (proc == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
    psize_sum += proc->n_proc;
 
    HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
  }
 
  /* masking */
  mask = (int *)HECMW_malloc(sizeof(int) * psize_sum);
  if (mask == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    return HECMW_ERROR;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < psize_sum; i++) {
    mask[i] = HECMW_COUPLE_FALSE;
  }
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    proc = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_proc(p->unit_id);
    if (proc == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
    for (i = 0; i < proc->n_proc; i++) {
      rank = proc->ranks[i];
      if (rank < 0) {
        HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_RANKS,
                        "specified rank number is too small (%d)", rank);
        HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
        goto error;
      }
      if (rank >= psize_sum) {
        HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_RANKS,
                        "specified rank number is too large (%d)", rank);
        HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
        goto error;
      }
      mask[rank]++;
    }
    HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
  }
 
  for (i = 0; i < psize_sum; i++) {
    if (mask[i]) psize_max = i;
  }
  for (n = 0, i = 0; i <= psize_max; i++) {
    if (!mask[i]) {
      HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_DISCONTINUOUS_RANKS,
                      "Process No. %d is not used");
      goto error;
    }
    n++;
  }
  if (n != HECMW_comm_get_size()) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_UNMATCH_PSIZE, "Total number of processes is %d",
                    n);
  }
 
  HECMW_free(mask);
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  HECMW_free(mask);
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
static int check_intracomm_psize(int couple_type) {
  if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MXN) {
    if (check_intracomm_psize_mxn() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MAXMN) {
    if (check_intracomm_psize_maxmn() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MANUAL) {
    if (check_intracomm_psize_manual() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else {
    HECMW_assert(0);
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int set_intracomm_psize(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_proc *proc;
  struct intracomm_info *p;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    proc = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_proc(p->unit_id);
    if (proc == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
    HECMW_assert(p->comm);
    p->comm->psize = proc->n_proc;
 
    HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int set_intracomm_ranks_mxn(void) {
  struct intracomm_info *p;
  int n = 0;
  int i;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    p->comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(p->comm->psize, sizeof(int));
    if (p->comm->ranks == NULL) {
      HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
      free_intracomm_info();
      return HECMW_ERROR;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < p->comm->psize; i++) {
      p->comm->ranks[i] = n;
      n++;
    }
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int set_intracomm_ranks_maxmn(void) {
  struct intracomm_info *p;
  int i;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    p->comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(p->comm->psize, sizeof(int));
    if (p->comm->ranks == NULL) {
      HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
      free_intracomm_info();
      return HECMW_ERROR;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < p->comm->psize; i++) {
      p->comm->ranks[i] = i;
    }
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int set_intracomm_ranks_manual(void) {
  struct hecmw_couple_ctrl_proc *proc;
  struct intracomm_info *p;
  int i;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    proc = HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_proc(p->unit_id);
    if (proc == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
    p->comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(p->comm->psize, sizeof(int));
    if (p->comm->ranks == NULL) {
      HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
      HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
      free_intracomm_info();
      return HECMW_ERROR;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < p->comm->psize; i++) {
      p->comm->ranks[i] = proc->ranks[i];
    }
 
    HECMW_couple_ctrl_free_proc(proc);
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int set_intracomm_ranks(int couple_type) {
  if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MXN) {
    if (set_intracomm_ranks_mxn() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MAXMN) {
    if (set_intracomm_ranks_maxmn() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MANUAL) {
    if (set_intracomm_ranks_manual() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else {
    HECMW_assert(0);
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
static int set_intercomm_psize_mxn(void) {
  struct intercomm_info *p;
  struct intracomm_info *q1, *q2;
 
  for (p = intercomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    q1 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit1_id);
    if (q1 == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
    q2 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit2_id);
    if (q2 == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
    p->comm->psize = q1->comm->psize + q2->comm->psize;
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int set_intercomm_psize_maxmn(void) {
  struct intercomm_info *p;
  struct intracomm_info *q1, *q2;
 
  for (p = intercomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    q1 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit1_id);
    if (q1 == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
    q2 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit2_id);
    if (q2 == NULL) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
    if (q1->comm->psize >= q2->comm->psize) {
      p->comm->psize = q1->comm->psize;
    } else {
      p->comm->psize = q2->comm->psize;
    }
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int set_intercomm_psize_manual(void) {
  struct intercomm_info *p;
  struct intracomm_info *q1, *q2;
  int *mask = NULL;
  int global_psize, n, i;
 
  global_psize = HECMW_comm_get_size();
 
  mask = (int *)HECMW_malloc(sizeof(int) * global_psize);
  if (mask == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    return HECMW_ERROR;
  }
 
  for (p = intercomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    q1 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit1_id);
    if (q1 == NULL) goto error;
    q2 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit2_id);
    if (q2 == NULL) goto error;
 
    for (i = 0; i < global_psize; i++) {
      mask[i] = HECMW_COUPLE_FALSE;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < q1->comm->psize; i++) {
      mask[q1->comm->ranks[i]] = HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < q2->comm->psize; i++) {
      mask[q2->comm->ranks[i]] = HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE;
    }
    for (n = 0, i = 0; i < global_psize; i++) {
      if (mask[i] == HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE) n++;
    }
 
    p->comm->psize = n;
  }
 
  HECMW_free(mask);
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  HECMW_free(mask);
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
static int set_intercomm_psize(int couple_type) {
  if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MXN) {
    if (set_intercomm_psize_mxn() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MAXMN) {
    if (set_intercomm_psize_maxmn() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MANUAL) {
    if (set_intercomm_psize_manual() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_CPLTYPE, "");
    return HECMW_ERROR;
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
static int set_intercomm_ranks_mxn(void) {
  struct intercomm_info *p;
  struct intracomm_info *q1, *q2;
  int n, i;
 
  for (p = intercomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    q1 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit1_id);
    if (q1 == NULL) goto error;
    q2 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit2_id);
    if (q2 == NULL) goto error;
 
    p->comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(p->comm->psize, sizeof(int));
    if (p->comm->ranks == NULL) {
      HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
      goto error;
    }
    HECMW_assert(p->comm->psize == q1->comm->psize + q2->comm->psize);
    for (n = 0, i = 0; i < q1->comm->psize; i++, n++) {
      p->comm->ranks[n] = q1->comm->ranks[i];
    }
    for (i = 0; i < q2->comm->psize; i++, n++) {
      p->comm->ranks[n] = q2->comm->ranks[i];
    }
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  free_couple_info();
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
static int set_intercomm_ranks_maxmn(void) {
  struct intercomm_info *p;
  struct intracomm_info *q1, *q2;
  int i;
 
  for (p = intercomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    q1 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit1_id);
    if (q1 == NULL) goto error;
    q2 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit2_id);
    if (q2 == NULL) goto error;
 
    p->comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(p->comm->psize, sizeof(int));
    if (p->comm->ranks == NULL) {
      HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
      goto error;
    }
    if (q1->comm->psize >= q2->comm->psize) {
      HECMW_assert(p->comm->psize == q1->comm->psize);
      for (i = 0; i < q1->comm->psize; i++) {
        p->comm->ranks[i] = q1->comm->ranks[i];
      }
    } else {
      HECMW_assert(p->comm->psize == q2->comm->psize);
      for (i = 0; i < q2->comm->psize; i++) {
        p->comm->ranks[i] = q2->comm->ranks[i];
      }
    }
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  free_couple_info();
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
static int set_intercomm_ranks_manual(void) {
  struct intercomm_info *p;
  struct intracomm_info *q1, *q2;
  int *mask = NULL;
  int global_psize, n, i;
 
  global_psize = HECMW_comm_get_size();
 
  mask = (int *)HECMW_malloc(sizeof(int) * global_psize);
  if (mask == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    goto error;
  }
 
  for (p = intercomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    q1 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit1_id);
    if (q1 == NULL) goto error;
    q2 = get_intracomm_info(p->unit2_id);
    if (q2 == NULL) goto error;
 
    p->comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(p->comm->psize, sizeof(int));
    if (p->comm->ranks == NULL) {
      HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
      goto error;
    }
 
    for (i = 0; i < global_psize; i++) {
      mask[i] = HECMW_COUPLE_FALSE;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < q1->comm->psize; i++) {
      mask[q1->comm->ranks[i]] = HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < q2->comm->psize; i++) {
      mask[q2->comm->ranks[i]] = HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE;
    }
    for (n = 0, i = 0; i < global_psize; i++) {
      if (mask[i] == HECMW_COUPLE_TRUE) {
        HECMW_assert(n <= p->comm->psize);
        p->comm->ranks[n] = i;
        n++;
      }
    }
  }
 
  HECMW_free(mask);
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  HECMW_free(mask);
  free_couple_info();
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
static int set_intercomm_ranks(int couple_type) {
  if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MXN) {
    if (set_intercomm_ranks_mxn() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MAXMN) {
    if (set_intercomm_ranks_maxmn() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else if (couple_type == HECMW_COUPLE_TYPE_MANUAL) {
    if (set_intercomm_ranks_manual() != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_CPLTYPE, "");
    return HECMW_ERROR;
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
/*================================================================================================*/
 
static int set_is_member(struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm) {
  int global_rank, i;
 
  global_rank = HECMW_comm_get_rank();
  if (global_rank < 0) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  comm->is_member = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < comm->psize; i++) {
    if (comm->ranks[i] == global_rank) {
      comm->is_member = 1;
      break;
    }
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int allgather_root(int *root) {
  int *send_buf = NULL, *recv_buf = NULL;
  HECMW_Comm global_comm;
  int rtc, i;
 
  global_comm = HECMW_comm_get_comm();
 
  send_buf = (int *)HECMW_calloc(1, sizeof(int));
  if (send_buf == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    goto error;
  }
  recv_buf = (int *)HECMW_calloc(HECMW_comm_get_size(), sizeof(int));
  if (recv_buf == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    goto error;
  }
 
  send_buf[0] = *root;
 
  rtc = HECMW_Allgather(send_buf, 1, HECMW_INT, recv_buf, 1, HECMW_INT,
                        global_comm);
  if (rtc != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
 
  for (i = 0; i < HECMW_comm_get_size(); i++) {
    if (recv_buf[i] >= 0) {
      *root = i;
    }
  }
 
  HECMW_free(send_buf);
  HECMW_free(recv_buf);
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  HECMW_free(send_buf);
  HECMW_free(recv_buf);
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
static int set_root(struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm) {
  if (comm->is_member == 1) {
    if (comm->rank == 0) {
      comm->root    = HECMW_comm_get_rank();
      comm->is_root = 1;
    }
  }
 
  if (allgather_root(&comm->root) != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
static int init_comm(struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm) {
  int rtc, _psize;
 
  rtc = HECMW_Group_incl(HECMW_comm_get_group(), comm->psize, comm->ranks,
                         &comm->group);
  if (rtc != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  rtc = HECMW_Comm_create(HECMW_comm_get_comm(), comm->group, &comm->comm);
  if (rtc != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  rtc = HECMW_Group_rank(comm->group, &comm->rank);
  if (rtc != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  rtc = HECMW_Group_size(comm->group, &_psize);
  if (rtc != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  HECMW_assert(_psize == comm->psize);
 
  if (set_is_member(comm) != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
  if (set_root(comm) != HECMW_SUCCESS) return HECMW_ERROR;
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
}
 
/*================================================================================================*/
 
extern int HECMW_couple_comm_init(void) {
  struct intracomm_info *p;
  struct intercomm_info *q;
  int couple_type;
 
  if (HECMW_couple_ctrl_get_n_boundary() == 0) return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
  if (init_intracomm_info() != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
  if (init_intercomm_info() != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
  if (init_couple_info() != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
 
  if (set_couple_type(&couple_type) != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
  if (check_intracomm_psize(couple_type) != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
 
  /* set intra-communication info. */
  if (set_intracomm_psize() != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
  if (set_intracomm_ranks(couple_type) != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
 
  for (p = intracomm_root.next; p; p = p->next) {
    if (init_comm(p->comm) != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
  }
 
  /* set inter-communication info. */
  if (set_intercomm_psize(couple_type) != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
  if (set_intercomm_ranks(couple_type) != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
 
  for (q = intercomm_root.next; q; q = q->next) {
    if (init_comm(q->comm) != HECMW_SUCCESS) goto error;
  }
 
  return HECMW_SUCCESS;
 
error:
  HECMW_couple_free_couple_info();
  return HECMW_ERROR;
}
 
/*================================================================================================*/
 
extern char *HECMW_couple_get_unit_id(const char *boundary_id,
                                      int unit_specifier, char *buf,
                                      int bufsize) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct hecmw_couple_info *couple_info;
  char *unit_id, *ret_buf;
  int len;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return NULL;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return NULL;
 
  if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1) {
    unit_id = couple->unit1_id;
  } else if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2) {
    unit_id = couple->unit2_id;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_UNITTYPE, "");
    return NULL;
  }
 
  if (buf == NULL) {
    ret_buf = HECMW_strdup(unit_id);
    if (ret_buf == NULL) {
      HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
      return NULL;
    }
  } else {
    len = strlen(unit_id);
    if (bufsize <= len) {
      len = bufsize - 1;
    }
    strncpy(buf, unit_id, len);
    buf[len] = '\0';
    ret_buf  = buf;
  }
 
  return ret_buf;
}
 
extern int HECMW_couple_is_member(const char *boundary_id) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intercomm_info *intercomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  if ((intercomm = get_intercomm_info(couple->couple_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (intercomm->comm->is_member) return 1;
  return 0;
}
 
extern int HECMW_couple_is_unit_member(const char *boundary_id,
                                       int unit_specifier) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit1_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit2_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_UNITTYPE, "");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if (intracomm->comm->is_member) return 1;
  return 0;
}
 
extern int HECMW_couple_is_unit_member_u(const char *unit_id) {
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (unit_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (unit_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(unit_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (intracomm->comm->is_member) return 1;
  return 0;
}
 
extern int HECMW_couple_is_root(const char *boundary_id) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intercomm_info *intercomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  if ((intercomm = get_intercomm_info(couple->couple_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (intercomm->comm->is_root) return 1;
  return 0;
}
 
extern int HECMW_couple_is_unit_root(const char *boundary_id,
                                     int unit_specifier) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit1_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit2_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_UNITTYPE, "");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if (intracomm->comm->is_root) return 1;
  return 0;
}
 
extern int HECMW_couple_is_unit_root_u(const char *unit_id) {
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (unit_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (unit_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(unit_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (intracomm->comm->is_root) return 1;
  return 0;
}
 
extern int HECMW_intercomm_get_size(const char *boundary_id) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intercomm_info *intercomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  if ((intercomm = get_intercomm_info(couple->couple_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  return intercomm->comm->psize;
}
 
extern int HECMW_intracomm_get_size(const char *boundary_id,
                                    int unit_specifier) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit1_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit2_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_UNITTYPE, "");
    return -1;
  }
 
  return intracomm->comm->psize;
}
 
extern int HECMW_intracomm_get_size_u(const char *unit_id) {
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (unit_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (unit_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(unit_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  return intracomm->comm->psize;
}
 
extern int HECMW_intercomm_get_rank(const char *boundary_id) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intercomm_info *intercomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  if ((intercomm = get_intercomm_info(couple->couple_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  return intercomm->comm->rank;
}
 
extern int HECMW_intracomm_get_rank(const char *boundary_id,
                                    int unit_specifier) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit1_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit2_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_UNITTYPE, "");
    return -1;
  }
 
  return intracomm->comm->rank;
}
 
extern int HECMW_intracomm_get_rank_u(const char *unit_id) {
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (unit_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (unit_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(unit_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  return intracomm->comm->rank;
}
 
extern HECMW_Comm HECMW_intercomm_get_comm(const char *boundary_id) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intercomm_info *intercomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  if ((intercomm = get_intercomm_info(couple->couple_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  return intercomm->comm->comm;
}
 
extern HECMW_Comm HECMW_intracomm_get_comm(const char *boundary_id,
                                           int unit_specifier) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit1_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit2_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_UNITTYPE, "");
    return -1;
  }
 
  return intracomm->comm->comm;
}
 
extern HECMW_Comm HECMW_intracomm_get_comm_u(const char *unit_id) {
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (unit_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (unit_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(unit_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  return intracomm->comm->comm;
}
 
extern HECMW_Group HECMW_intercomm_get_group(const char *boundary_id) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intercomm_info *intercomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  if ((intercomm = get_intercomm_info(couple->couple_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  return intercomm->comm->group;
}
 
extern HECMW_Group HECMW_intracomm_get_group(const char *boundary_id,
                                             int unit_specifier) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit1_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2) {
    if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(couple->unit2_id)) == NULL) return -1;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_UNITTYPE, "");
    return -1;
  }
 
  return intracomm->comm->group;
}
 
extern HECMW_Group HECMW_intracomm_get_group_u(const char *unit_id) {
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm;
 
  if (unit_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (unit_id)");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((intracomm = get_intracomm_info(unit_id)) == NULL) return -1;
 
  return intracomm->comm->group;
}
 
extern struct hecmw_couple_comm *HECMW_couple_get_intracomm(
    const char *boundary_id, int unit_specifier) {
  struct couple_info *couple       = NULL;
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm = NULL;
  struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm;
  char *unit_id;
  int i;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return NULL;
  }
 
  couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id);
  if (couple == NULL) return NULL;
 
  if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT1) {
    unit_id = couple->unit1_id;
  } else if (unit_specifier == HECMW_COUPLE_UNIT2) {
    unit_id = couple->unit2_id;
  } else {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_UNITTYPE, "");
    return NULL;
  }
 
  intracomm = get_intracomm_info(unit_id);
  if (intracomm == NULL) return NULL;
 
  comm = alloc_struct_comm();
  if (comm == NULL) return NULL;
 
  comm->psize = intracomm->comm->psize;
  comm->rank  = intracomm->comm->rank;
  comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(comm->psize, sizeof(int));
  if (comm->ranks == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    HECMW_couple_free_comm(comm);
    return NULL;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < comm->psize; i++) {
    comm->ranks[i] = intracomm->comm->ranks[i];
  }
  comm->comm      = intracomm->comm->comm;
  comm->group     = intracomm->comm->group;
  comm->root      = intracomm->comm->root;
  comm->is_member = intracomm->comm->is_member;
  comm->is_root   = intracomm->comm->is_root;
 
  return comm;
}
 
extern struct hecmw_couple_comm *HECMW_couple_get_intracomm_u(
    const char *unit_id) {
  struct intracomm_info *intracomm = NULL;
  struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm;
  int i;
 
  if (unit_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return NULL;
  }
 
  intracomm = get_intracomm_info(unit_id);
  if (intracomm == NULL) return NULL;
 
  comm = alloc_struct_comm();
  if (comm == NULL) return NULL;
 
  comm->psize = intracomm->comm->psize;
  comm->rank  = intracomm->comm->rank;
  comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(comm->psize, sizeof(int));
  if (comm->ranks == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    HECMW_couple_free_comm(comm);
    return NULL;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < comm->psize; i++) {
    comm->ranks[i] = intracomm->comm->ranks[i];
  }
  comm->comm      = intracomm->comm->comm;
  comm->group     = intracomm->comm->group;
  comm->root      = intracomm->comm->root;
  comm->is_member = intracomm->comm->is_member;
  comm->is_root   = intracomm->comm->is_root;
 
  return comm;
}
 
extern struct hecmw_couple_comm *HECMW_couple_get_intercomm(
    const char *boundary_id) {
  struct couple_info *couple;
  struct intercomm_info *intercomm;
  struct hecmw_couple_comm *comm;
  int i;
 
  if (boundary_id == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(HECMWCPL_E_INVALID_ARG,
                    "Invalid NULL pointer is found (boundary_id)");
    return NULL;
  }
 
  couple = get_couple_info(boundary_id);
  if (couple == NULL) return NULL;
 
  intercomm = get_intercomm_info(couple->couple_id);
  if (intercomm == NULL) return NULL;
 
  comm = alloc_struct_comm();
  if (comm == NULL) return NULL;
 
  comm->psize = intercomm->comm->psize;
  comm->rank  = intercomm->comm->rank;
  comm->ranks = (int *)HECMW_calloc(comm->psize, sizeof(int));
  if (comm->ranks == NULL) {
    HECMW_set_error(errno, "");
    HECMW_couple_free_comm(comm);
    return NULL;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < comm->psize; i++) {
    comm->ranks[i] = intercomm->comm->ranks[i];
  }
  comm->comm      = intercomm->comm->comm;
  comm->group     = intercomm->comm->group;
  comm->root      = intercomm->comm->root;
  comm->is_member = intercomm->comm->is_member;
  comm->is_root   = intercomm->comm->is_root;
 
  return comm;
}